# geoelevation/map_viewer/map_services.py
"""
Defines an abstract base class for map tile services and provides concrete
implementations for specific map providers (e.g., OpenStreetMap).

This allows the application to interact with different map sources through a
common, well-defined interface, facilitating extensibility to other services.
"""

# Standard library imports
import abc # Abstract Base Classes
import logging
from urllib.parse import urlparse # For basic URL validation
from typing import Optional, Tuple, Dict, Any

# Module-level logger
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)


class BaseMapService(abc.ABC):
    """
    Abstract Base Class for map tile service providers.

    Subclasses must implement the 'name', 'attribution', and 'get_tile_url'
    properties and methods.
    """

    DEFAULT_TILE_PIXEL_SIZE: int = 256
    DEFAULT_MAX_ZOOM_LEVEL: int = 19 # Common for many services like OSM

    def __init__(
        self,
        service_api_key: Optional[str] = None,
        tile_pixel_dim: int = DEFAULT_TILE_PIXEL_SIZE,
        max_supported_zoom: int = DEFAULT_MAX_ZOOM_LEVEL
    ) -> None:
        """
        Initializes the BaseMapService.

        Args:
            service_api_key: API key required by the service, if any.
            tile_pixel_dim: The pixel dimension (width/height) of map tiles.
            max_supported_zoom: The maximum zoom level supported by this service.
        """
        # Use class name of the concrete subclass for logging
        self._service_log_prefix = f"[{self.__class__.__name__}]"
        logger.debug(f"{self._service_log_prefix} Initializing base map service.")

        self.api_key: Optional[str] = service_api_key
        self.tile_size: int = tile_pixel_dim
        self.max_zoom: int = max_supported_zoom

        # Validate provided tile_size and max_zoom
        if not (isinstance(self.tile_size, int) and self.tile_size > 0):
            logger.warning(
                f"{self._service_log_prefix} Invalid tile_size '{self.tile_size}'. "
                f"Using default: {self.DEFAULT_TILE_PIXEL_SIZE}px."
            )
            self.tile_size = self.DEFAULT_TILE_PIXEL_SIZE
        
        # Practical limits for Web Mercator zoom levels
        if not (isinstance(self.max_zoom, int) and 0 <= self.max_zoom <= 25):
            logger.warning(
                f"{self._service_log_prefix} Invalid max_zoom '{self.max_zoom}'. "
                f"Using default: {self.DEFAULT_MAX_ZOOM_LEVEL}."
            )
            self.max_zoom = self.DEFAULT_MAX_ZOOM_LEVEL

    @property
    @abc.abstractmethod
    def name(self) -> str:
        """
        Returns the unique, short name of the map service (e.g., 'osm').
        This is used for identification and potentially for cache directory naming.
        """
        pass

    @property
    @abc.abstractmethod
    def attribution(self) -> str:
        """
        Returns the required attribution text for the map service.
        This text should be displayed whenever map tiles from this service are shown.
        """
        pass

    @abc.abstractmethod
    def get_tile_url(self, z: int, x: int, y: int) -> Optional[str]:
        """
        Generates the full URL for a specific map tile based on its ZXY coordinates.

        Args:
            z: The zoom level of the tile.
            x: The X coordinate of the tile.
            y: The Y coordinate of the tile.

        Returns:
            The fully formed URL string for the tile, or None if the zoom level
            is invalid for this service or if URL construction fails.
        """
        pass

    def is_zoom_level_valid(self, zoom_level: int) -> bool:
        """
        Checks if the requested zoom level is within the valid range for this service.

        Args:
            zoom_level: The zoom level to validate.

        Returns:
            True if the zoom level is valid, False otherwise.
        """
        is_valid = 0 <= zoom_level <= self.max_zoom
        if not is_valid:
            logger.warning(
                f"{self._service_log_prefix} Requested zoom level {zoom_level} is outside "
                f"the valid range [0, {self.max_zoom}] for this service."
            )
        return is_valid

    def _is_generated_url_structurally_valid(self, url_string: str) -> bool:
        """Performs a basic structural validation of a generated URL string."""
        if not url_string: # Check for empty string
            logger.error(f"{self._service_log_prefix} Generated URL is empty.")
            return False
        try:
            parsed_url = urlparse(url_string)
            # A valid URL typically has a scheme (http/https) and a netloc (domain name).
            has_scheme_and_netloc = bool(parsed_url.scheme and parsed_url.netloc)
            if not has_scheme_and_netloc:
                logger.error(f"{self._service_log_prefix} Generated URL '{url_string}' appears malformed (missing scheme or netloc).")
            return has_scheme_and_netloc
        except Exception as e_url_parse: # Catch potential errors from urlparse itself
            logger.error(
                f"{self._service_log_prefix} Error parsing generated URL '{url_string}': {e_url_parse}"
            )
            return False

    def __repr__(self) -> str:
        """Provides a concise and informative string representation of the service object."""
        return (
            f"<{self.__class__.__name__}(Name: '{self.name}', MaxZoom: {self.max_zoom}, TileSize: {self.tile_size})>"
        )


class OpenStreetMapService(BaseMapService):
    """
    Concrete implementation for fetching map tiles from OpenStreetMap (OSM).
    This service does not require an API key.
    """

    SERVICE_IDENTIFIER_NAME: str = "osm"
    SERVICE_ATTRIBUTION_TEXT: str = \
        "© OpenStreetMap contributors (openstreetmap.org/copyright)"
    # Standard URL template for OSM tiles. Subdomains (a,b,c) can be used for load balancing.
    TILE_URL_TEMPLATE: str = "https://{s}.tile.openstreetmap.org/{z}/{x}/{y}.png"
    # OSM standard tile servers typically support up to zoom level 19.
    OSM_MAX_ZOOM_LEVEL: int = 19
    # Optional: cycle through subdomains for better load distribution
    SUBDOMAINS: Tuple[str, ...] = ('a', 'b', 'c')
    _subdomain_index: int = 0 # Class variable for simple round-robin

    def __init__(self) -> None:
        """Initializes the OpenStreetMap tile service."""
        super().__init__(
            service_api_key=None, # OSM does not require an API key
            max_supported_zoom=self.OSM_MAX_ZOOM_LEVEL
        )
        logger.info(f"{self._service_log_prefix} OpenStreetMap service instance ready.")

    @property
    def name(self) -> str:
        """Returns the unique name for the OpenStreetMap service."""
        return self.SERVICE_IDENTIFIER_NAME

    @property
    def attribution(self) -> str:
        """Returns the required attribution text for OpenStreetMap."""
        return self.SERVICE_ATTRIBUTION_TEXT

    def get_tile_url(self, z: int, x: int, y: int) -> Optional[str]:
        """
        Generates the tile URL for an OpenStreetMap tile.

        Args:
            z: The zoom level.
            x: The tile X coordinate.
            y: The tile Y coordinate.

        Returns:
            The tile URL string, or None if the zoom level is invalid.
        """
        if not self.is_zoom_level_valid(z):
            # Warning logged by is_zoom_level_valid
            return None

        # Simple round-robin for subdomains
        subdomain = self.SUBDOMAINS[OpenStreetMapService._subdomain_index % len(self.SUBDOMAINS)]
        OpenStreetMapService._subdomain_index += 1
        
        try:
            # Format the URL using the class template and selected subdomain
            tile_url = self.TILE_URL_TEMPLATE.format(s=subdomain, z=z, x=x, y=y)
            
            if not self._is_generated_url_structurally_valid(tile_url):
                # Error logged by _is_generated_url_structurally_valid
                return None
                
            logger.debug(f"{self._service_log_prefix} Generated URL for ({z},{x},{y}): {tile_url}")
            return tile_url
        except Exception as e_url_format: # Catch potential errors during .format()
            logger.error(
                f"{self._service_log_prefix} Error formatting tile URL for ({z},{x},{y}): {e_url_format}"
            )
            return None


# --- Factory Function to Get Map Service Instances ---

def get_map_service_instance(
    service_name_key: str,
    api_key_value: Optional[str] = None
) -> Optional[BaseMapService]:
    """
    Factory function to create and return an instance of a specific map service.

    Args:
        service_name_key: The unique string identifier for the desired service (e.g., 'osm').
        api_key_value: The API key, if required by the selected service.

    Returns:
        An instance of a BaseMapService subclass, or None if the service_name_key
        is unknown or if a required API key is missing.
    """
    log_prefix_factory = "[MapServiceFactory]"
    normalized_service_name = service_name_key.lower().strip()
    logger.debug(f"{log_prefix_factory} Requesting map service instance for '{normalized_service_name}'.")

    if normalized_service_name == OpenStreetMapService.SERVICE_IDENTIFIER_NAME:
        return OpenStreetMapService()
    # Example for a future service requiring an API key:
    # elif normalized_service_name == "some_other_service_key":
    #     if api_key_value:
    #         return SomeOtherMapService(api_key=api_key_value)
    #     else:
    #         logger.error(f"{log_prefix_factory} API key is required for '{normalized_service_name}' but was not provided.")
    #         return None
    else:
        logger.error(f"{log_prefix_factory} Unknown map service name specified: '{service_name_key}'.")
        return None