diff --git a/scenario_simulator/core/simulation_engine.py b/scenario_simulator/core/simulation_engine.py
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+++ b/scenario_simulator/core/simulation_engine.py
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+"""
+Core module for radar signal simulation.
+
+This module provides the classes and functions necessary to generate
+synthetic I/Q data for specified radar configurations and target scenarios.
+"""
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+import numpy as np
+from scipy.constants import c
+
+@dataclass
+class RadarConfig:
+    """
+    Stores the configuration parameters for the simulated radar.
+
+    Attributes:
+        carrier_frequency (float): Carrier frequency in Hertz (Hz).
+        prf (float): Pulse Repetition Frequency in Hertz (Hz).
+        pulse_width (float): Duration of a single radar pulse in seconds (s).
+        sample_rate (float): Sampling rate of the ADC in samples per second (Hz).
+    """
+    carrier_frequency: float
+    prf: float
+    pulse_width: float
+    sample_rate: float
+
+@dataclass
+class Target:
+    """
+    Represents a single point target in the simulation.
+
+    Attributes:
+        initial_position (np.ndarray): 3D initial position [x, y, z] in meters (m).
+        velocity (np.ndarray): 3D constant velocity [vx, vy, vz] in m/s.
+        rcs (float): Radar Cross Section in square meters (m^2).
+    """
+    initial_position: np.ndarray
+    velocity: np.ndarray
+    rcs: float
+
+def generate_iq_data(config: RadarConfig, target: Target, num_pulses: int) -> np.ndarray:
+    """
+    Generates the I/Q data matrix for a single target scenario.
+
+    This function simulates the received echo from a single point target with
+    constant velocity over a specified number of pulses (Coherent Processing
+    Interval - CPI).
+
+    Args:
+        config: The radar configuration parameters.
+        target: The target's properties.
+        num_pulses: The total number of pulses to simulate.
+
+    Returns:
+        A 2D numpy array of complex numbers representing the I/Q data.
+        Shape: (num_pulses, num_samples_per_pulse).
+    """
+    # --- Derived parameters calculation
+    wavelength = c / config.carrier_frequency
+    pri = 1.0 / config.prf  # Pulse Repetition Interval
+    
+    # Calculate the number of samples within one pulse's duration
+    num_samples_per_pulse = int(config.pulse_width * config.sample_rate)
+
+    # --- Initialize output data structure
+    # This matrix will store the complex I/Q data for each pulse
+    iq_matrix = np.zeros((num_pulses, num_samples_per_pulse), dtype=np.complex128)
+
+    # --- Main simulation loop (over slow-time)
+    for pulse_index in range(num_pulses):
+        # Current time relative to the start of the CPI
+        current_slow_time = pulse_index * pri
+
+        # Update target position based on its constant velocity
+        current_position = target.initial_position + target.velocity * current_slow_time
+        
+        # Calculate range from radar (at origin) to target
+        range_to_target = np.linalg.norm(current_position)
+        
+        # Calculate the two-way time delay for the echo
+        time_delay = 2 * range_to_target / c
+        
+        # Simplified signal amplitude based on radar range equation (power ~ 1/R^4)
+        # We use sqrt(rcs) because we are modeling voltage/amplitude, not power.
+        amplitude = np.sqrt(target.rcs) / (range_to_target**2)
+        
+        # The core of the simulation: calculate the complex phase shift
+        # This phase is determined by the round-trip path length in wavelengths
+        phase_shift = np.exp(-1j * 4 * np.pi * range_to_target / wavelength)
+        
+        signal_complex_amplitude = amplitude * phase_shift
+
+        # Model a simple rectangular pulse
+        pulse_shape = np.ones(num_samples_per_pulse)
+        received_pulse = signal_complex_amplitude * pulse_shape
+
+        # --- Place the received pulse into the I/Q matrix at the correct time delay
+        start_sample = int(round(time_delay * config.sample_rate))
+        
+        if 0 <= start_sample < iq_matrix.shape[1]:
+            # This handles cases where the pulse might partially go out of the sampling window
+            samples_to_write = min(num_samples_per_pulse, iq_matrix.shape[1] - start_sample)
+            
+            iq_matrix[
+                pulse_index, start_sample : start_sample + samples_to_write
+            ] = received_pulse[:samples_to_write]
+
+    return iq_matrix
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